The process of speciation that involves a geographic barrier is called _____ speciation.

• A. sympatric
• B. allopatric
• C. parapatric
• D. peripatric

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Begin by understanding the concept of speciation, which is the process by which new species arise. Speciation can occur through various mechanisms depending on environmental and genetic factors.
2. Step 2: Learn about the different types of speciation. Allopatric speciation occurs when a geographic barrier physically separates populations, preventing gene flow. Sympatric speciation happens within the same geographic area, often due to ecological or behavioral differences. Parapatric speciation involves populations that are adjacent but not completely isolated. Peripatric speciation is a form of allopatric speciation where a small group becomes isolated at the edge of a larger population.
3. Step 3: Focus on the key term 'geographic barrier' in the problem. A geographic barrier, such as a mountain range, river, or ocean, physically separates populations, which is characteristic of allopatric speciation.
4. Step 4: Eliminate the incorrect options based on definitions. Sympatric speciation does not involve geographic barriers, parapatric speciation involves adjacent populations, and peripatric speciation is a subset of allopatric speciation but emphasizes small isolated groups.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the correct answer is 'allopatric speciation,' as it directly involves a geographic barrier leading to the separation of populations and eventual speciation.