As you move geographically from the polar regions to the equator, species diversity:

• A. fluctuates randomly
• B. remains constant
• C. decreases
• D. increases

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of species diversity: Species diversity refers to the variety and abundance of different species within a given area. It is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, sunlight, and resource availability.
2. Recognize the relationship between latitude and species diversity: Geographic regions closer to the equator (low latitude) tend to have higher species diversity compared to polar regions (high latitude). This is known as the latitudinal diversity gradient.
3. Identify the factors contributing to increased species diversity near the equator: These include higher temperatures, greater availability of sunlight, and more stable climates, which promote biodiversity and allow ecosystems to support a larger number of species.
4. Compare conditions at the poles versus the equator: Polar regions experience extreme cold, limited sunlight, and shorter growing seasons, which restrict the number of species that can survive there. In contrast, equatorial regions have warm temperatures year-round and abundant resources, fostering diverse ecosystems.
5. Conclude that as you move geographically from the polar regions to the equator, species diversity increases due to favorable environmental conditions that support a greater variety of life forms.