Which disruption in the water cycle would most likely affect photosynthesis in plants?

• A. Enhanced runoff leading to river flooding
• B. A prolonged drought reducing soil moisture
• C. Increased evaporation from ocean surfaces
• D. Greater condensation forming more clouds

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the water cycle and its components: The water cycle includes processes such as evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, and runoff. Photosynthesis in plants relies on water absorbed from the soil, which is a critical resource for this process.
2. Identify the role of water in photosynthesis: Water is a reactant in the photosynthesis equation. Plants absorb water through their roots, and it is used in the light-dependent reactions to produce oxygen and energy-rich molecules. Reduced soil moisture directly impacts this process.
3. Analyze the options provided: Evaluate how each disruption in the water cycle affects soil moisture and water availability for plants. Enhanced runoff and flooding may temporarily increase water availability but could also lead to soil erosion. Increased evaporation from ocean surfaces and greater condensation forming clouds do not directly reduce soil moisture.
4. Focus on the prolonged drought: A prolonged drought reduces soil moisture, which limits the water available for plants to absorb through their roots. This directly impacts photosynthesis, as water is essential for the process.
5. Conclude that the correct disruption is the prolonged drought: Reduced soil moisture due to drought is the most likely disruption in the water cycle to affect photosynthesis in plants, as it directly limits the availability of water needed for the process.