In the context of photosynthesis, light primarily influences which of the following processes?

• A. The fixation of carbon dioxide into glucose
• B. The transport of sugars through the phloem
• C. The synthesis of ribosomes in the chloroplast
• D. The splitting of water molecules to release oxygen

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose molecules. It occurs in two main stages: the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions).
2. Recognize that light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and require light energy to drive the process. These reactions are responsible for converting light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
3. Identify that one of the key events in the light-dependent reactions is photolysis, which is the splitting of water molecules. This process is driven by light energy absorbed by chlorophyll and other pigments in the photosystem complexes.
4. Understand that during photolysis, water molecules (H₂O) are split into oxygen gas (O₂), protons (H⁺), and electrons. The oxygen gas is released as a byproduct, while the electrons are used to replenish the electron deficit in Photosystem II.
5. Conclude that light primarily influences the splitting of water molecules to release oxygen during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, as this process directly depends on the energy provided by light.