Which of the following are the two main categories of ecosystems?

• A. Forest and desert ecosystems
• B. Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
• C. Tropical and temperate ecosystems
• D. Freshwater and marine ecosystems

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of ecosystems: Ecosystems are communities of living organisms interacting with their physical environment. They can be categorized based on their location and the type of environment they occupy.
2. Recognize the two main categories of ecosystems: Ecosystems are broadly divided into terrestrial (land-based) and aquatic (water-based) ecosystems. This classification is based on whether the ecosystem exists on land or in water.
3. Differentiate terrestrial ecosystems: Terrestrial ecosystems include forests, deserts, grasslands, and tundras. These ecosystems are characterized by their land-based habitats and the organisms adapted to live there.
4. Differentiate aquatic ecosystems: Aquatic ecosystems include freshwater ecosystems (like rivers, lakes, and ponds) and marine ecosystems (like oceans and seas). These ecosystems are characterized by water-based habitats and the organisms adapted to live in aquatic environments.
5. Compare the options provided: The correct answer is 'Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems,' as this classification encompasses all ecosystems based on their primary environment (land or water). The other options are subsets or specific types of ecosystems within these two main categories.