What type of bond connects adjacent nucleotides in a single strand of a nucleic acid?

• A. Hydrogen bond
• B. Peptide bond
• C. Phosphodiester bond
• D. Glycosidic bond

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the structure of nucleic acids: Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are composed of nucleotide monomers. Each nucleotide consists of three components: a phosphate group, a sugar molecule (deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA), and a nitrogenous base.
2. Recognize the role of phosphodiester bonds: Adjacent nucleotides in a single strand of nucleic acid are connected through phosphodiester bonds. These bonds form between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the hydroxyl group on the sugar of the next nucleotide.
3. Visualize the chemical reaction: A condensation reaction occurs during the formation of a phosphodiester bond. This reaction involves the removal of a water molecule as the phosphate group of one nucleotide links to the 3' hydroxyl group of the sugar in the next nucleotide.
4. Understand the directionality of the strand: Phosphodiester bonds create a backbone for the nucleic acid strand, giving it directionality. The strand has a 5' end (with a free phosphate group) and a 3' end (with a free hydroxyl group). This directionality is crucial for processes like DNA replication and transcription.
5. Differentiate from other bonds: Hydrogen bonds connect complementary bases between two strands of DNA, peptide bonds link amino acids in proteins, and glycosidic bonds connect sugars in carbohydrates. Phosphodiester bonds are specific to the backbone of nucleic acids.