During chemical cycling, inorganic nutrients are typically returned to the soil by which of the following processes?

• A. Photosynthesis by plants
• B. Decomposition by bacteria and fungi
• C. Evaporation from soil surfaces
• D. Predation by carnivores

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of chemical cycling: Chemical cycling refers to the movement of elements like carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus through the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components of an ecosystem. These cycles are essential for maintaining ecosystem balance.
2. Identify the role of decomposition: Decomposition is the process by which decomposers, such as bacteria and fungi, break down dead organic matter into simpler inorganic nutrients. These nutrients are then returned to the soil, making them available for plants to absorb and use.
3. Eliminate incorrect options: Photosynthesis by plants involves the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, not the return of inorganic nutrients to the soil. Evaporation from soil surfaces is a physical process that involves the conversion of water into vapor, not nutrient cycling. Predation by carnivores involves the transfer of energy and nutrients within the food web, but it does not directly return inorganic nutrients to the soil.
4. Focus on the correct process: Decomposition by bacteria and fungi is the key process that returns inorganic nutrients to the soil. These organisms play a critical role in breaking down organic matter and recycling nutrients.
5. Conclude with the correct answer: The correct process for returning inorganic nutrients to the soil during chemical cycling is decomposition by bacteria and fungi.