In the context of evolution and natural selection, altruism is which of the following?

• A. A behavior that is only observed in non-social species
• B. A behavior that benefits another individual at a cost to oneself
• C. A behavior that has no impact on the fitness of any individual
• D. A behavior that increases an individual's own survival and reproduction

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of altruism in biology: Altruism refers to a behavior by an individual that increases the fitness of another individual while potentially decreasing the fitness of the actor.
2. Consider the context of evolution and natural selection: In evolutionary terms, behaviors that seem altruistic can be explained by the benefits they provide to relatives or the group, which can indirectly benefit the altruistic individual.
3. Evaluate the options given: The correct definition of altruism in this context is a behavior that benefits another individual at a cost to oneself.
4. Eliminate incorrect options: Altruism is not typically observed in non-social species, as it often involves interactions within a group. It also does not refer to behaviors that have no impact on fitness or that increase one's own survival and reproduction.
5. Conclude with the correct understanding: Altruism in the context of evolution and natural selection is a behavior that benefits another individual at a cost to oneself, often explained by kin selection or reciprocal altruism.