In the context of natural selection, the fitness of an individual is related to their ______.

• A. ability to survive and reproduce viable offspring
• B. number of mutations in their genome
• C. lifespan regardless of reproduction
• D. physical strength compared to others

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of 'fitness' in the context of natural selection. Fitness refers to an individual's ability to survive and reproduce viable offspring that can also reproduce, thereby passing on their genes to the next generation.
2. Eliminate the incorrect options by analyzing their relevance to the definition of fitness. For example, 'number of mutations in their genome' is not directly related to fitness, as mutations can be beneficial, neutral, or harmful.
3. Consider the option 'lifespan regardless of reproduction.' While a longer lifespan may contribute to survival, it does not directly determine fitness unless it results in successful reproduction.
4. Evaluate the option 'physical strength compared to others.' Physical strength may provide an advantage in survival, but it is not the sole determinant of fitness unless it leads to successful reproduction.
5. Conclude that the correct answer is 'ability to survive and reproduce viable offspring,' as this directly aligns with the biological definition of fitness in natural selection.