What is the relationship between proto-oncogenes and oncogenes?

• A. Oncogenes are genes that repair DNA damage.
• B. Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that can become oncogenes due to mutations.
• C. Proto-oncogenes are mutated forms of oncogenes that promote cancer.
• D. Oncogenes are normal genes that suppress tumor growth.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of proto-oncogenes: Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that play a role in cell growth and division. They are essential for normal cellular functions.
2. Learn how proto-oncogenes can become oncogenes: When proto-oncogenes undergo mutations or are expressed at high levels, they can become oncogenes. These mutations can lead to uncontrolled cell division and contribute to cancer development.
3. Differentiate between proto-oncogenes and oncogenes: Proto-oncogenes are the normal, unmutated versions of genes, while oncogenes are the mutated or overexpressed versions that can lead to cancer.
4. Clarify the misconception about oncogenes: Oncogenes do not repair DNA damage or suppress tumor growth. Instead, they can promote cancer when they are activated by mutations.
5. Summarize the relationship: Proto-oncogenes are the precursors to oncogenes. When proto-oncogenes are altered by mutations, they can become oncogenes, which may lead to cancerous growth.