How does sexual selection occur in a population?

• A. By the direct influence of environmental factors on gene expression
• B. Through the inheritance of acquired characteristics during an organism's lifetime
• C. Through individuals competing for mates or being chosen by mates based on certain traits
• D. By random changes in allele frequencies due to chance events

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of sexual selection: Sexual selection is a type of natural selection where certain traits increase an individual's chances of mating and reproducing. These traits can be physical characteristics, behaviors, or other factors that make an individual more attractive or competitive in the context of reproduction.
2. Differentiate sexual selection from other evolutionary mechanisms: Sexual selection is distinct from mechanisms like genetic drift (random changes in allele frequencies) or environmental factors influencing gene expression. It specifically involves traits that affect mating success.
3. Recognize the two main types of sexual selection: (1) Intrasexual selection, where individuals of the same sex compete for access to mates (e.g., male-male competition), and (2) Intersexual selection, where individuals of one sex choose mates based on certain traits (e.g., female choice).
4. Identify examples of traits influenced by sexual selection: Traits such as bright plumage in birds, elaborate courtship behaviors, or large antlers in deer are often the result of sexual selection because they increase mating success.
5. Conclude that sexual selection occurs through individuals competing for mates or being chosen by mates based on certain traits, rather than random chance or environmental factors directly influencing gene expression.