Which natural disaster is most likely to increase biodiversity in an ecosystem over the long term?

• A. Flood
• B. Volcanic eruption
• C. Forest fire
• D. Earthquake

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the concept of biodiversity. Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in an ecosystem, including the number of species, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity. Events that disturb ecosystems can sometimes lead to increased biodiversity over time by creating new niches and opportunities for species to thrive.
2. Step 2: Analyze the impact of each natural disaster on ecosystems. For example, floods and earthquakes often cause widespread destruction, but they may not necessarily create conditions that promote long-term biodiversity. Volcanic eruptions can create new landforms, but the recovery process is typically slow and may not lead to significant biodiversity increases.
3. Step 3: Focus on forest fires. Forest fires, while destructive in the short term, can clear out old vegetation, recycle nutrients into the soil, and create open spaces for new plant species to grow. This process can lead to increased biodiversity as new plants, animals, and microorganisms colonize the area.
4. Step 4: Consider the role of succession. After a forest fire, ecological succession occurs, where pioneer species (such as grasses and shrubs) establish themselves first, followed by more complex species over time. This gradual rebuilding of the ecosystem can lead to greater biodiversity compared to the pre-fire state.
5. Step 5: Conclude that forest fires, under natural conditions, are most likely to increase biodiversity in an ecosystem over the long term due to their role in ecological succession and nutrient recycling.