Which of the following best describes the primary function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

• A. They synthesize proteins from amino acids.
• B. They capture light energy for photosynthesis.
• C. They store genetic information.
• D. They generate ATP through cellular respiration.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells: Mitochondria are often referred to as the 'powerhouses' of the cell because their primary function is to generate energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
2. Recall the process of cellular respiration: Mitochondria perform cellular respiration, a metabolic process that converts glucose and oxygen into ATP, carbon dioxide, and water. This process occurs in several stages, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation.
3. Eliminate incorrect options: Protein synthesis is performed by ribosomes, not mitochondria. Light energy capture for photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, which are found in plant cells, not mitochondria. Genetic information is stored in the nucleus and partially in mitochondria, but this is not their primary function.
4. Focus on ATP generation: The correct answer highlights the primary function of mitochondria, which is generating ATP through cellular respiration. ATP serves as the main energy currency of the cell, powering various biological processes.
5. Conclude with the importance of mitochondria: Mitochondria are essential for energy production in eukaryotic cells, enabling the cell to perform functions such as movement, division, and synthesis of molecules.