Why is the mitochondrion considered an essential organelle in eukaryotic cells?

• A. It stores genetic information for inheritance.
• B. It is responsible for photosynthesis and glucose production.
• C. It synthesizes proteins required for cell division.
• D. It produces ATP through cellular respiration, providing energy for cellular processes.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells: Mitochondria are often referred to as the 'powerhouses' of the cell because they produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the primary energy currency of the cell.
2. Learn about cellular respiration: Cellular respiration is the process by which mitochondria convert glucose and oxygen into ATP, carbon dioxide, and water. This process occurs in several stages, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation.
3. Clarify why ATP is important: ATP provides the energy needed for various cellular processes, such as active transport, protein synthesis, and cell division. Without ATP, cells would not be able to function properly.
4. Compare the incorrect options: The mitochondrion does not store genetic information for inheritance (this is the role of the nucleus), is not responsible for photosynthesis (this is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells), and does not directly synthesize proteins (this is the role of ribosomes).
5. Conclude with the correct answer: The mitochondrion is essential because it produces ATP through cellular respiration, providing energy for cellular processes, which is critical for the survival and function of eukaryotic cells.