Which of the following best describes the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable in an experiment?

• A. The dependent variable is manipulated by the experimenter, while the independent variable is measured as the outcome.
• B. Neither variable is controlled or measured during the experiment.
• C. Both variables are manipulated by the experimenter to observe their combined effect.
• D. The independent variable is manipulated by the experimenter, while the dependent variable is measured as the outcome.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the definitions of independent and dependent variables: The independent variable is the one that the experimenter manipulates or changes intentionally to observe its effect, while the dependent variable is the one that is measured or observed as the outcome of the experiment.
2. Recognize the relationship between the two variables: The dependent variable depends on the changes made to the independent variable. This cause-and-effect relationship is central to experimental design.
3. Analyze the options provided in the problem: Evaluate each statement to determine which one correctly describes the roles of the independent and dependent variables.
4. Eliminate incorrect options: For example, the statement 'The dependent variable is manipulated by the experimenter, while the independent variable is measured as the outcome' is incorrect because it reverses the roles of the variables. Similarly, 'Neither variable is controlled or measured during the experiment' is incorrect because both variables are integral to the experiment.
5. Select the correct answer: The statement 'The independent variable is manipulated by the experimenter, while the dependent variable is measured as the outcome' accurately describes the difference between the two variables.