Which of the following statements most accurately describes the function of the proteasome?

• A. The proteasome degrades unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis.
• B. The proteasome assists in the folding of newly synthesized proteins.
• C. The proteasome is responsible for synthesizing proteins from amino acids.
• D. The proteasome transports proteins across the cell membrane.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of the proteasome: The proteasome is a protein complex within cells that is primarily involved in degrading unneeded or damaged proteins. This process is known as proteolysis.
2. Recognize the process of proteolysis: Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. This is crucial for maintaining cellular function by removing faulty or excess proteins.
3. Differentiate between protein degradation and other cellular processes: The proteasome does not assist in protein folding, synthesize proteins, or transport proteins across membranes. These functions are carried out by other cellular components such as chaperones, ribosomes, and transport proteins.
4. Identify the importance of protein degradation: By degrading proteins, the proteasome helps regulate the concentration of specific proteins, thus controlling various cellular processes and preventing the accumulation of damaged proteins.
5. Consider the implications of proteasome malfunction: If the proteasome fails to function properly, it can lead to the accumulation of damaged proteins, which is associated with various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders.