Which property of water allows it to dissolve a wide variety of substances, earning it the title 'universal solvent'?

• A. Its polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds
• B. Its high boiling point
• C. Its low density as a solid
• D. Its high specific heat capacity

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of 'universal solvent': Water is called the universal solvent because it can dissolve many substances. This property is crucial for biological processes, such as nutrient transport and cellular reactions.
2. Examine the structure of a water molecule: Water (H₂O) is a polar molecule, meaning it has a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom. This polarity is key to its solvent properties.
3. Learn about hydrogen bonding: Water molecules can form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules or ions. These bonds allow water to surround and interact with solutes, breaking them apart and dissolving them.
4. Evaluate the options provided: The correct answer should relate to water's polarity and hydrogen bonding ability, as these are the primary reasons for its effectiveness as a solvent. Other properties like high boiling point, low density as a solid, and high specific heat capacity are important but not directly related to its role as a universal solvent.
5. Conclude that the correct answer is 'Its polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds,' as these characteristics enable water to dissolve a wide variety of substances.