Why is cell size limited in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• A. Because larger cells have a decreased surface area-to-volume ratio, which limits efficient nutrient uptake and waste removal.
• B. Because larger cells are more prone to viral infections due to increased surface area.
• C. Because larger cells can store more genetic material, which is unnecessary for basic cellular functions.
• D. Because smaller cells have more mitochondria, which are essential for energy production.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of surface area-to-volume ratio: As a cell grows, its volume increases faster than its surface area. This is crucial because the surface area is responsible for the exchange of materials (nutrients, waste) with the environment.
2. Recognize the importance of efficient nutrient uptake and waste removal: Cells need to efficiently take in nutrients and expel waste to maintain homeostasis. A larger cell with a smaller surface area relative to its volume will struggle with these processes.
3. Consider the implications of a decreased surface area-to-volume ratio: With a decreased ratio, the cell's ability to transport materials across its membrane is compromised, leading to potential issues with nutrient deficiency and waste accumulation.
4. Evaluate the options given in the problem: The first option correctly identifies the limitation imposed by the surface area-to-volume ratio. The other options do not accurately address the fundamental reason for cell size limitation.
5. Conclude that the primary reason for cell size limitation is the decreased surface area-to-volume ratio, which affects the cell's efficiency in nutrient uptake and waste removal, making it the correct answer.