Which of the following best explains how wolves are a keystone species in an ecosystem?

• A. Wolves are the only predators in the ecosystem.
• B. Wolves are the most numerous species in the ecosystem.
• C. Wolves regulate prey populations, which helps maintain the balance of plant and animal communities.
• D. Wolves contribute to soil formation through their burrowing activities.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of a keystone species: A keystone species is one that has a disproportionately large impact on its ecosystem relative to its abundance. These species play a critical role in maintaining the structure and balance of the ecosystem.
2. Analyze the role of wolves in an ecosystem: Wolves are predators that regulate the population of prey species, such as deer or elk. By controlling prey populations, they prevent overgrazing of vegetation, which is crucial for maintaining plant and animal diversity.
3. Evaluate the options provided: Eliminate choices that do not align with the definition of a keystone species. For example, 'Wolves are the only predators in the ecosystem' is incorrect because other predators may exist, and 'Wolves are the most numerous species in the ecosystem' is incorrect because keystone species are not defined by their abundance.
4. Focus on the correct explanation: The correct answer is 'Wolves regulate prey populations, which helps maintain the balance of plant and animal communities.' This aligns with the role of a keystone species in maintaining ecosystem balance.
5. Conclude by understanding the broader impact: By regulating prey populations, wolves indirectly support plant growth, which in turn supports other species, including insects, birds, and small mammals. This cascading effect highlights their importance as a keystone species.