Transcription occurs in the _________, but most translation occurs in the _________.

• A. nucleus; cytoplasm
• B. nucleolus; Golgi apparatus
• C. mitochondria; endoplasmic reticulum
• D. cytoplasm; nucleus

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the process of transcription: Transcription is the process where DNA is used as a template to synthesize RNA. This process occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells because DNA is housed there and cannot leave the nucleus.
2. Understand the process of translation: Translation is the process where the RNA (specifically mRNA) is used as a template to synthesize proteins. This process occurs in the cytoplasm, where ribosomes are located.
3. Eliminate incorrect options: The nucleolus is involved in ribosome production, not transcription. The Golgi apparatus is involved in protein modification and packaging, not translation. Mitochondria are responsible for energy production, and the endoplasmic reticulum assists in protein folding and transport, but these are not the primary sites of transcription or translation.
4. Match the correct locations to the processes: Transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm. This matches the first option provided in the question.
5. Verify your understanding: Ensure you understand why transcription and translation occur in these specific locations based on the cellular structures and their functions.