Mutualistic associations of plant roots and fungi are called ________.

• A. mycorrhizae
• B. rhizomes
• C. lichen
• D. nodules

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the question: The problem is asking for the term that describes mutualistic associations between plant roots and fungi. This involves a biological relationship where both organisms benefit.
2. Review the options provided: The options are 'mycorrhizae,' 'rhizomes,' 'lichen,' and 'nodules.' Each term has a specific biological meaning, so we need to identify the one that matches the description of a mutualistic relationship between plant roots and fungi.
3. Define the term 'mycorrhizae': Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations between the roots of most plants and fungi. The fungi help the plant absorb nutrients like phosphorus from the soil, while the plant provides carbohydrates to the fungi.
4. Eliminate incorrect options: 'Rhizomes' are horizontal underground plant stems, not related to fungi. 'Lichen' is a mutualistic association between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria, not plant roots. 'Nodules' are structures on plant roots (e.g., legumes) that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria, not fungi.
5. Conclude that the correct answer is 'mycorrhizae,' as it specifically describes the mutualistic relationship between plant roots and fungi.