Why is it important for a cell to efficiently repair its DNA?

• A. To allow the cell to divide uncontrollably
• B. To ensure that all genes are permanently turned off
• C. To increase the rate of protein synthesis regardless of DNA integrity
• D. To prevent the accumulation of mutations that could lead to diseases such as cancer

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of DNA in the cell: DNA contains the genetic instructions necessary for the cell's functions, including protein synthesis, cell division, and maintaining cellular integrity.
2. Recognize the importance of DNA repair mechanisms: DNA is constantly exposed to damage from environmental factors (e.g., UV radiation, chemicals) and internal processes (e.g., replication errors). Efficient repair mechanisms are crucial to maintain the integrity of the genetic material.
3. Consider the consequences of unrepaired DNA damage: If DNA damage is not repaired, mutations can accumulate. Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can disrupt normal cellular functions, potentially leading to diseases such as cancer.
4. Evaluate the incorrect answer choices: The cell does not repair DNA to divide uncontrollably (this would lead to cancer), permanently turn off all genes (this would prevent essential cellular functions), or increase protein synthesis regardless of DNA integrity (damaged DNA could lead to faulty proteins).
5. Conclude why efficient DNA repair is essential: Efficient DNA repair prevents the accumulation of mutations, ensuring the cell functions properly and reducing the risk of diseases like cancer.