How is primary succession different from secondary succession?

• A. Primary succession only occurs in aquatic environments, while secondary succession only occurs on land.
• B. Primary succession involves the rapid regrowth of plants, whereas secondary succession is a much slower process.
• C. Primary succession occurs in areas where no soil exists, while secondary succession occurs in areas where soil is already present.
• D. Primary succession happens after a forest fire, while secondary succession happens on newly formed volcanic islands.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of ecological succession: Ecological succession is the process by which ecosystems change and develop over time. It can be categorized into primary and secondary succession based on the starting conditions of the environment.
2. Define primary succession: Primary succession occurs in areas where no soil exists initially, such as newly formed volcanic islands, bare rock exposed by glaciers, or areas left barren after a lava flow. The process begins with pioneer species like lichens and mosses that can colonize bare surfaces and contribute to soil formation.
3. Define secondary succession: Secondary succession occurs in areas where soil is already present but the vegetation has been removed due to disturbances like forest fires, floods, or human activities. It involves the regrowth of plants and the re-establishment of the ecosystem over time.
4. Compare the two types of succession: Primary succession starts from a completely barren environment without soil, making it a slower process as soil formation is required. Secondary succession, on the other hand, starts in areas with existing soil, allowing for faster regrowth of vegetation and recovery of the ecosystem.
5. Clarify common misconceptions: Primary succession does not occur exclusively in aquatic environments, nor does secondary succession occur only on land. Additionally, primary succession is not associated with rapid regrowth, and secondary succession does not happen on newly formed volcanic islands. These statements are incorrect and should be disregarded.