Which of the following statements best explains how Protein X regulates gene expression?

• A. Protein X modifies ribosomes to increase protein synthesis.
• B. Protein X acts as a chaperone to assist in protein folding.
• C. Protein X binds to DNA and enhances the transcription of specific genes.
• D. Protein X degrades mRNA molecules, preventing translation.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of proteins in gene expression regulation. Proteins can influence gene expression at various stages, including transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications.
2. Identify the correct mechanism by which Protein X regulates gene expression. The statement indicates that Protein X binds to DNA and enhances transcription, which is a common method of gene regulation.
3. Explore how proteins that bind to DNA can enhance transcription. These proteins, often called transcription factors, can increase the rate at which specific genes are transcribed into mRNA.
4. Consider the impact of Protein X binding to DNA. By enhancing transcription, Protein X likely increases the production of mRNA for specific genes, leading to increased synthesis of the corresponding proteins.
5. Review the other options provided to understand why they do not explain the regulation of gene expression by Protein X. Modifying ribosomes, assisting in protein folding, or degrading mRNA are different processes that do not directly involve binding to DNA to enhance transcription.