What is the ultimate source of all genetic diversity in populations?

• A. Natural selection
• B. Genetic drift
• C. Gene flow
• D. Mutations in DNA

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of genetic diversity: Genetic diversity refers to the variety of genetic traits within a population, which is essential for adaptation and survival in changing environments.
2. Recognize the role of mutations: Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that occur due to errors during DNA replication or external factors like radiation. These changes introduce new genetic variations into a population.
3. Differentiate mutations from other mechanisms: While natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow influence the distribution and frequency of genetic traits, they do not create new genetic material. Mutations are the ultimate source of new genetic diversity.
4. Connect mutations to evolutionary processes: Mutations provide the raw material for evolution. Once a mutation occurs, natural selection can act on it, genetic drift can alter its frequency, and gene flow can spread it between populations.
5. Conclude that mutations are the foundation: Without mutations, there would be no new genetic traits for other mechanisms to act upon, making mutations the ultimate source of all genetic diversity in populations.