Chloroplasts convert energy from the sun into which of the following forms during photosynthesis?

• A. Thermal energy
• B. Chemical energy stored in glucose
• C. Mechanical energy
• D. Electrical energy

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of chloroplasts: Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and some protists. They are the site of photosynthesis, where light energy from the sun is converted into a usable form of energy for the organism.
2. Identify the process of photosynthesis: Photosynthesis involves capturing light energy and using it to convert carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O) into glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen (O₂). The overall reaction can be represented as: $6{\mathrm{CO}}_2+6H_{2}O+\mathrm{light}\to C_6{H}_{12}{O}_6+6O_2$.
3. Clarify the type of energy produced: During photosynthesis, the light energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy. This chemical energy is stored in the bonds of glucose molecules, which can later be used by the plant or other organisms for energy.
4. Eliminate incorrect options: Thermal energy refers to heat, which is not the primary energy form produced in photosynthesis. Mechanical energy involves movement, and electrical energy involves the flow of electrons, neither of which are the end products of photosynthesis.
5. Conclude with the correct answer: The energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy stored in glucose during photosynthesis. This chemical energy can be used by the plant for growth, reproduction, and other metabolic processes.