Why is secondary succession typically faster than primary succession in ecological systems?

• A. Secondary succession involves the formation of new soil from bare rock.
• B. Secondary succession occurs in areas where soil is already present.
• C. Secondary succession requires the establishment of pioneer species.
• D. Secondary succession starts in areas that have never supported life before.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of ecological succession: Ecological succession is the process by which the structure of a biological community evolves over time. There are two main types: primary and secondary succession.
2. Define primary succession: Primary succession occurs in lifeless areas where there is no soil, such as after a volcanic eruption or glacier retreat. It involves the gradual establishment of living communities starting from bare rock.
3. Define secondary succession: Secondary succession occurs in areas where a biological community has been disturbed but soil remains intact, such as after a forest fire, flood, or human activities like farming.
4. Compare the starting conditions: Secondary succession is typically faster than primary succession because it starts in areas where soil is already present, allowing plants and organisms to establish more quickly compared to primary succession, which requires soil formation from bare rock.
5. Consider the role of pioneer species: In secondary succession, pioneer species can quickly colonize the area because the soil is already present, providing nutrients and a substrate for growth, whereas in primary succession, pioneer species must first contribute to soil formation.