Which trend is typically observed in plant communities during the process of ecological succession?

• A. Plant communities become less diverse as succession progresses.
• B. Plant communities remain unchanged throughout succession.
• C. Plant communities become more diverse and complex over time.
• D. Only pioneer species persist throughout all stages of succession.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of ecological succession: Ecological succession is the natural process by which ecosystems change and develop over time. It involves a gradual replacement of one plant community by another, leading to increased biodiversity and complexity.
2. Identify the two main types of succession: Primary succession occurs in areas where no previous life existed (e.g., bare rock after a volcanic eruption), while secondary succession occurs in areas where an ecosystem previously existed but was disturbed (e.g., after a forest fire).
3. Recognize the role of pioneer species: Pioneer species, such as mosses and lichens, are the first to colonize barren environments. They modify the environment, making it more suitable for other species to establish.
4. Understand the progression of plant communities: Over time, as soil quality improves and conditions stabilize, more diverse and complex plant communities, such as shrubs and trees, replace the pioneer species. This leads to an increase in biodiversity and structural complexity.
5. Conclude the observed trend: During ecological succession, plant communities typically become more diverse and complex over time, as new species establish and interact within the ecosystem.