Which of the following best explains how natural disasters can have positive effects on an ecosystem?

• A. They always lead to the extinction of all species in the affected area.
• B. They permanently reduce the productivity of the ecosystem.
• C. They can create new habitats and increase biodiversity by allowing new species to colonize the area.
• D. They prevent any form of ecological succession from occurring.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of natural disasters in ecology: Natural disasters, such as wildfires, floods, or volcanic eruptions, are disturbances that can significantly alter ecosystems. While they may initially seem destructive, they can also play a role in shaping ecosystems over time.
2. Review the concept of ecological succession: Ecological succession is the process by which ecosystems recover and develop after a disturbance. Natural disasters often clear out existing vegetation and organisms, creating opportunities for new species to establish themselves.
3. Consider the creation of new habitats: Natural disasters can create new physical environments, such as open spaces, nutrient-rich soil, or new water bodies, which can support different species that were not present before.
4. Analyze the impact on biodiversity: By creating opportunities for new species to colonize and thrive, natural disasters can increase biodiversity in the long term. This is because they reduce competition and allow for a variety of organisms to establish themselves in the affected area.
5. Eliminate incorrect options: The other options suggest permanent damage, extinction of all species, or prevention of ecological succession, which are not accurate. The correct explanation is that natural disasters can create new habitats and increase biodiversity by allowing new species to colonize the area.