The idea of relative fitness is best exemplified in which of the following statements?

• A. An individual that produces more viable offspring than others in the same population has higher relative fitness.
• B. Relative fitness measures the absolute number of offspring produced by a species worldwide.
• C. All individuals in a population have the same chance of survival regardless of their traits.
• D. Fitness is determined solely by an organism's physical strength.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Begin by understanding the concept of relative fitness. Relative fitness refers to the ability of an individual to pass on its genes to the next generation compared to others in the same population. It is not about physical strength or survival alone but about reproductive success.
2. Step 2: Analyze the first statement: 'An individual that produces more viable offspring than others in the same population has higher relative fitness.' This aligns with the definition of relative fitness, as it focuses on reproductive success within a population.
3. Step 3: Evaluate the second statement: 'Relative fitness measures the absolute number of offspring produced by a species worldwide.' This is incorrect because relative fitness is a comparative measure within a population, not an absolute measure across species worldwide.
4. Step 4: Examine the third statement: 'All individuals in a population have the same chance of survival regardless of their traits.' This is incorrect because survival and reproduction are influenced by traits that may provide advantages in a specific environment.
5. Step 5: Assess the fourth statement: 'Fitness is determined solely by an organism's physical strength.' This is incorrect because fitness encompasses reproductive success and survival, not just physical strength. Traits like adaptability and reproductive capability are also critical.