What is the significance of crossing over during meiosis?

• A. It duplicates the genetic material in the cell.
• B. It increases genetic variation by exchanging DNA between homologous chromosomes.
• C. It reduces the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells.
• D. It ensures that each gamete receives a complete set of chromosomes.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell.
2. Recognize that crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis, where homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of genetic material.
3. Acknowledge that this exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes results in new combinations of alleles, which increases genetic variation among the offspring.
4. Consider that increased genetic variation is beneficial for a population as it can enhance adaptability and survival in changing environments.
5. Note that while crossing over contributes to genetic variation, it does not duplicate genetic material, reduce chromosome numbers, or ensure complete sets of chromosomes in gametes; these are functions of other processes in meiosis.