Which of the following pairs correctly describes two methods used to study biotic and abiotic factors within an ecosystem?

• A. Genetic engineering and artificial selection
• B. Only computer simulations and fossil analysis
• C. Carbon dating and radiometric dating
• D. Field observations and controlled laboratory experiments

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the problem by identifying the key terms 'biotic' and 'abiotic factors.' Biotic factors refer to living components of an ecosystem, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, while abiotic factors refer to non-living components, such as temperature, water, and soil.
2. Step 2: Recognize that studying ecosystems involves methods that allow scientists to observe and analyze interactions between these factors. Field observations involve directly observing and collecting data from natural environments, providing insights into real-world interactions.
3. Step 3: Controlled laboratory experiments allow scientists to isolate specific variables and test hypotheses under controlled conditions, which helps in understanding cause-and-effect relationships between biotic and abiotic factors.
4. Step 4: Evaluate the options provided in the question. Genetic engineering and artificial selection are techniques used in genetics and evolution studies, not ecosystem analysis. Computer simulations and fossil analysis are useful tools but do not directly study current biotic and abiotic interactions. Carbon dating and radiometric dating are methods for determining the age of materials, not for studying ecosystem dynamics.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the correct pair of methods for studying biotic and abiotic factors within an ecosystem is 'Field observations and controlled laboratory experiments,' as these methods directly address the interactions and dynamics within ecosystems.