1. Introduction to Biology

2. Chemistry

3. Water

4. Biomolecules

5. Cell Components

6. The Membrane

7. Energy and Metabolism

8. Respiration

9. Photosynthesis

10. Cell Signaling

11. Cell Division

12. Meiosis

13. Mendelian Genetics

14. DNA Synthesis

15. Gene Expression

16. Regulation of Expression

17. Viruses

18. Biotechnology

19. Genomics

20. Development

21. Evolution by Natural Selection

22. Evolution of Populations

23. Speciation

24. History of Life on Earth

25. Phylogeny

26. Prokaryotes

27. Protists

28. Plants

29. Fungi

30. Overview of Animals

31. Invertebrates

32. Vertebrates

33. Plant Anatomy

34. Vascular Plant Transport

35. Soil

36. Plant Reproduction

37. Plant Sensation and Response

38. Animal Form and Function

39. Digestive System

40. Circulatory System

41. Immune System

42. Osmoregulation and Excretion

43. Endocrine System

44. Animal Reproduction

45. Nervous System

46. Sensory Systems

47. Muscle Systems

48. Ecology

49. Animal Behavior

50. Population Ecology

51. Community Ecology

52. Ecosystems

53. Conservation Biology

[BOOK BIO] CLUTCH

If oxygen has 9 electrons it will be a ______________________:

No. Covalent bonding does not result from an excess or deficiency of electrons but rather from a sharing of pairs of electrons.

No. For an atom to become part of a molecule, it must be covalently bonded to another atom as a result of the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons.

No. Gaining or losing a proton would cause the atom to become a different element.

Unequal numbers of protons and electrons result in a charged atom or molecule.

When the proton number and electron number are unequal, the atom or molecule __________.

attraction between a hydrogen and other atoms that share electrons unequally

unequal sharing of electrons between atoms

No. This describes a polar covalent bond.

attraction between ions that have opposite charges

Consider what an ion is.

Ionic bonds form as a result of __________.

Ionic Bonding

Ionic bond and ionic compounds

The atom has more electrons than protons.

The atom has more protons than electrons.

The atom has fewer protons than a neutral atom of the same element.

Which of the following statements is true of ALL atoms that are anions?

No. Calcium has two electrons in its outer shell, so the sulfate ion can pick up only two electrons, not four.

No. Calcium has two electrons in its outer shell, so the sulfate ion picks up two electrons, not one.

No. The sulfate ion picks up two electrons from calcium and hence must gain two electrons and a negative charge.

Calcium empties its outer shell and forms a positive ion, or cation.

The compound CaSO4 ionizes into a calcium ion and a sulfate ion (SO4). Calcium has two electrons in its outer shell. Upon ionization, what would you expect the charge on the sulfate ion to be?

Cations and anions would be most frequently associated with which of the following:

When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become negatively or positively charged. They are known as:

Ionic bonds | Molecular and ionic compound structure and properties | AP Chemistry | Khan Academy

Which statement is true of all atoms that are anions?
a. The atom has more electrons than protons.
b. The atom has more protons than electrons.
c. The atom has fewer protons than does a neutral atom of the same element.
d. The atom has more neutrons than protons.

Atoms of opposite charges attract each other

Animation: Formation of Ions and Ionic Bonds

Ions: Anions vs. Cations

Ionic Bonding of Lithium Fluoride & Potassium Oxide | Properties of Matter | Chemistry | FuseSchool

Ionic Compounds & Their Properties | Properties of Matter | Chemistry | FuseSchool

When they have the fewest possible valence electrons

When they have the maximum number of unpaired electrons.

When the valence shell is completely full of electrons

Ionic Bonds

The atom would have a double negative charge and be an ion.

No. Electrons carry a negative charge. If two electrons were lost, the atom would become positively charged.

The atomic number of the atom would remain 29, the mass number would be reduced to 62, and the atom would be an anion.

No. The mass number is equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus. The loss or gain of electrons does not enter into the calculation.

The atomic number would be reduced to 27, the mass number would remain 64, and the atom would be an anion with a +2 charge.

No. The loss or gain of electrons does not influence mass number, defined as the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. A positively charged ion is a cation.

The atomic number would remain 29, the mass number would remain 64, and the atom would be a cation with a +2 charge.

What is formed when an uncharged atom gains or loses electrons?

Copper has an atomic number of 29 and a mass number of 64. What would result if an uncharged copper atom lost two electrons?

Chemical Bonding - Ionic vs. Covalent Bonds

Which of the following neutral atoms would be most likely to lose an electron and become a cation of +1?<img src="https://static.studychannel.pearsonprd.tech/courses/biology/thumbnails/e4242644" alt="" />

Non-Covalent Interactions

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