What is the role of tRNA during translation?

• A. tRNA forms the peptide bonds between amino acids.
• B. tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them with the codons on mRNA.
• C. tRNA synthesizes mRNA from a DNA template.
• D. tRNA unwinds the DNA double helix during transcription.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the process of translation: Translation is the process by which the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce a specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
2. Identify the role of tRNA: tRNA, or transfer RNA, is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during translation. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon that pairs with a complementary codon on the mRNA strand.
3. Explore the structure of tRNA: tRNA molecules have a cloverleaf structure with an anticodon region and an amino acid attachment site. The anticodon region is crucial for matching the correct amino acid to the mRNA codon.
4. Clarify the function of tRNA in translation: tRNA does not form peptide bonds or synthesize mRNA. Instead, it carries specific amino acids to the ribosome, where the ribosome facilitates the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.
5. Distinguish tRNA's role from other processes: tRNA is not involved in unwinding DNA during transcription or synthesizing mRNA. Its primary function is in translation, where it ensures the correct amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain.