Why does primary succession take longer than secondary succession?

• A. Primary succession starts on bare rock or soil without any initial organic material.
• B. Secondary succession begins in areas where no life has ever existed before.
• C. Primary succession occurs in areas with abundant water and nutrients.
• D. Secondary succession requires the establishment of pioneer species.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of succession: Succession is the process by which ecosystems change and develop over time. There are two types: primary and secondary succession.
2. Define primary succession: Primary succession occurs in lifeless areas where there is no soil, such as bare rock. It begins with the colonization of pioneer species that can survive in harsh conditions.
3. Define secondary succession: Secondary succession occurs in areas where a disturbance has destroyed an existing community but left the soil intact, such as after a fire or flood.
4. Compare the starting conditions: Primary succession starts on bare rock or soil without any initial organic material, making it a slower process as soil formation is required. Secondary succession starts with existing soil, allowing for faster recovery and growth.
5. Identify the role of pioneer species: In primary succession, pioneer species are crucial as they help break down rock and contribute to soil formation. In secondary succession, the soil is already present, so pioneer species can quickly establish and facilitate the growth of other species.