Which of the following events is most likely to precede primary succession?

• A. Seasonal flooding of a river
• B. The introduction of an invasive species
• C. A forest fire that burns existing vegetation
• D. A volcanic eruption that creates new land

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of primary succession: Primary succession occurs in environments where there is no pre-existing soil or vegetation, typically starting from bare rock or newly formed land.
2. Identify the key characteristic of primary succession: It begins in areas that are completely devoid of life, such as after a volcanic eruption, where new land is created from lava flows.
3. Analyze the options provided: Seasonal flooding, invasive species introduction, and forest fires do not create entirely new land devoid of soil or life. These events typically occur in areas where ecosystems already exist, making them more relevant to secondary succession.
4. Focus on the correct option: A volcanic eruption creates new land, such as lava fields, which are barren and lack soil, making it the ideal starting point for primary succession.
5. Conclude the reasoning: The volcanic eruption is the event most likely to precede primary succession because it provides the conditions necessary for life to begin anew in an area without any prior biological activity.