The species–area curve shows that __________.

• A. larger geographic areas tend to have more species than smaller areas
• B. species diversity decreases as area increases
• C. species richness is independent of habitat size
• D. the number of individuals per species increases with area

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of the species–area curve: This curve is a graphical representation that shows the relationship between the size of a geographic area and the number of species found within that area. It is a fundamental concept in ecology and biogeography.
2. Recall the general trend of the species–area relationship: Larger geographic areas tend to support more species because they provide more diverse habitats, resources, and opportunities for species to coexist.
3. Eliminate incorrect options: Analyze each provided statement. For example, 'species diversity decreases as area increases' contradicts the general trend of the species–area curve, so it is incorrect. Similarly, 'species richness is independent of habitat size' is also incorrect because species richness is directly related to habitat size.
4. Consider the correct interpretation: The correct answer aligns with the idea that larger areas tend to have more species due to increased habitat diversity and resource availability.
5. Review the remaining options: Ensure that the correct answer reflects the relationship described by the species–area curve, which is that larger geographic areas tend to have more species than smaller areas.