Biogeographic isolation leads to which of the following processes, resulting in the formation of a new species?

• A. Gene flow
• B. Genetic drift
• C. Allopatric speciation
• D. Sympatric speciation

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of biogeographic isolation: Biogeographic isolation occurs when populations of the same species are separated by physical barriers such as mountains, rivers, or distance, preventing gene flow between them.
2. Recognize the role of gene flow: Gene flow refers to the transfer of genetic material between populations. In biogeographic isolation, gene flow is interrupted, which can lead to genetic divergence between the isolated populations.
3. Learn about genetic drift: Genetic drift is the random change in allele frequencies within a population over time. In small, isolated populations, genetic drift can have a significant impact, contributing to genetic differences between groups.
4. Define allopatric speciation: Allopatric speciation is the process by which new species arise due to geographic isolation. Over time, genetic differences accumulate in the isolated populations, leading to reproductive isolation and the formation of new species.
5. Differentiate from sympatric speciation: Sympatric speciation occurs without geographic isolation, often through mechanisms like behavioral changes or polyploidy. In this case, biogeographic isolation specifically leads to allopatric speciation, not sympatric speciation.