Which of the following best describes how ecosystems are sustained through ecological succession?

• A. Succession causes ecosystems to lose biodiversity and become less stable over time.
• B. Succession prevents any new species from colonizing an area, maintaining the original community indefinitely.
• C. Succession only occurs in aquatic ecosystems and does not affect terrestrial environments.
• D. Succession allows gradual changes in species composition, leading to increased stability and resource cycling in the ecosystem.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the concept of ecological succession. Ecological succession refers to the gradual process by which ecosystems change and develop over time. It involves the replacement of one community of organisms by another, leading to changes in species composition and ecosystem structure.
2. Step 2: Recognize the role of biodiversity in ecosystem stability. As succession progresses, biodiversity typically increases, which contributes to greater stability and resilience in the ecosystem. This is because a diverse community can better adapt to environmental changes and disturbances.
3. Step 3: Identify the types of ecological succession. There are two main types: primary succession, which occurs in areas where no previous life existed (e.g., bare rock after a volcanic eruption), and secondary succession, which occurs in areas where an ecosystem has been disturbed but life still exists (e.g., after a forest fire). Both types contribute to ecosystem development and resource cycling.
4. Step 4: Analyze the statement options provided in the problem. Evaluate each option based on your understanding of ecological succession. For example, the statement 'Succession allows gradual changes in species composition, leading to increased stability and resource cycling in the ecosystem' aligns with the scientific understanding of how ecosystems are sustained through succession.
5. Step 5: Conclude that ecological succession is a dynamic process that promotes ecosystem sustainability by increasing biodiversity, enhancing stability, and facilitating resource cycling over time.