Why do chromosomes condense during prophase of mitosis?

• A. To allow the nuclear envelope to reform
• B. To increase the rate of DNA replication
• C. To prevent tangling and ensure accurate segregation of genetic material
• D. To initiate cytokinesis

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the context of mitosis: Mitosis is the process of cell division where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Prophase is the first stage of mitosis, during which chromosomes condense and become visible under a microscope.
2. Recognize the importance of chromosome condensation: Chromosomes condense to prevent tangling and ensure they are organized for accurate segregation during cell division. This condensation helps the cell manage the large amount of genetic material efficiently.
3. Clarify why tangling is problematic: If chromosomes remain uncondensed, their long, thread-like structure could become tangled, leading to errors in segregation. This could result in unequal distribution of genetic material between daughter cells, potentially causing cell malfunction or death.
4. Relate chromosome condensation to the mitotic spindle: During prophase, the mitotic spindle begins to form. Condensed chromosomes are easier for spindle fibers to attach to and move, ensuring precise alignment and separation during later stages of mitosis.
5. Eliminate incorrect options: The nuclear envelope reforms during telophase, not prophase. DNA replication occurs during the S phase of interphase, not mitosis. Cytokinesis is the final step of cell division, occurring after mitosis, and is not initiated by chromosome condensation.