Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between abiotic factors and density-dependent factors in an ecosystem?

• A. Abiotic factors only affect populations at high densities.
• B. Abiotic factors and density-dependent factors are both directly caused by the number of individuals in a population.
• C. Abiotic factors are generally independent of population density, while density-dependent factors are influenced by population size.
• D. Density-dependent factors are unrelated to population size and are solely determined by abiotic conditions.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Begin by understanding the definitions of abiotic factors and density-dependent factors. Abiotic factors are non-living components of an ecosystem, such as temperature, sunlight, water, and soil. Density-dependent factors are biological or ecological factors that change in intensity based on the population size, such as competition, predation, and disease.
2. Step 2: Analyze the relationship between abiotic factors and population density. Abiotic factors are generally independent of population density, meaning they affect populations regardless of how many individuals are present. For example, sunlight and temperature will impact an ecosystem regardless of the population size.
3. Step 3: Examine how density-dependent factors are influenced by population size. These factors are directly related to the number of individuals in a population. For instance, as population size increases, competition for resources like food and space becomes more intense, and the spread of disease may also increase.
4. Step 4: Compare the statements provided in the problem. Evaluate each statement based on the definitions and relationships explained above. Identify which statement aligns with the scientific understanding of abiotic and density-dependent factors.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the correct answer is: 'Abiotic factors are generally independent of population density, while density-dependent factors are influenced by population size.' This statement accurately describes the relationship between these two types of factors in an ecosystem.