Which of the following best explains why it is important to decrease the incidence of cold stress in neonates?

• A. Cold stress enhances immune function, reducing the risk of infection.
• B. Cold stress increases metabolic demands, leading to hypoglycemia and respiratory distress.
• C. Cold stress promotes rapid weight gain in neonates.
• D. Cold stress stimulates the production of surfactant in the lungs.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of cold stress in neonates: Cold stress occurs when a newborn's body temperature drops below the normal range, leading to physiological challenges as the body attempts to maintain homeostasis.
2. Recognize the physiological effects of cold stress: When exposed to cold, neonates increase their metabolic rate to generate heat, which requires more energy and oxygen. This can lead to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) and respiratory distress due to increased oxygen demand.
3. Eliminate incorrect options: Analyze each answer choice. For example, cold stress does not enhance immune function or promote rapid weight gain. Similarly, while surfactant production is critical for lung function, cold stress does not stimulate its production.
4. Focus on the correct explanation: Cold stress increases metabolic demands, which can deplete glucose stores (causing hypoglycemia) and strain the respiratory system (leading to respiratory distress). These are critical issues for neonates, who have limited energy reserves and immature organ systems.
5. Conclude why reducing cold stress is important: Preventing cold stress helps maintain normal metabolic function, stable blood glucose levels, and proper respiratory function, ensuring the neonate's overall health and reducing the risk of complications.