How do DNA and RNA differ in their structure and function?

• A. DNA is primarily found in the cytoplasm, while RNA is found in the nucleus.
• B. DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.
• C. DNA is single-stranded, while RNA is double-stranded.
• D. DNA uses uracil as a base, while RNA uses thymine.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Begin by understanding the basic structural differences between DNA and RNA. DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, whereas RNA contains ribose sugar. This difference in sugar molecules affects the overall stability and function of these nucleic acids.
2. Next, consider the strand structure of each molecule. DNA is typically double-stranded, forming a double helix, while RNA is usually single-stranded. This structural difference influences how each molecule interacts within the cell.
3. Examine the nitrogenous bases used by each molecule. DNA uses adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). In contrast, RNA uses adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). Note that thymine in DNA is replaced by uracil in RNA.
4. Understand the primary location and function of each molecule within the cell. DNA is primarily located in the nucleus and serves as the genetic blueprint for the organism, storing and transmitting genetic information. RNA, on the other hand, is found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm and plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and gene expression.
5. Finally, consider the roles of DNA and RNA in the central dogma of molecular biology. DNA is responsible for storing genetic information, while RNA is involved in translating this information into proteins through processes like transcription and translation.