What is the role of DNA in transmitting genetic information?

• A. DNA is converted into lipids that carry genetic information.
• B. DNA functions as an energy source for cellular activities.
• C. DNA directly synthesizes proteins without any intermediate steps.
• D. DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of RNA, which then directs protein synthesis.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms.
2. Recognize that DNA does not directly synthesize proteins. Instead, it serves as a template for the synthesis of RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) in a process called transcription.
3. During transcription, a specific segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase. This RNA is called messenger RNA (mRNA).
4. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis in a process called translation.
5. In translation, ribosomes read the sequence of the mRNA and use it to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain, which then folds into a functional protein.