In genetic engineering, what does the term 'vector' refer to?

• A. A type of enzyme that cuts DNA at specific sequences
• B. A molecule that carries foreign DNA into a host cell
• C. A process of sequencing the entire genome
• D. A method used to amplify DNA sequences

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that in genetic engineering, a 'vector' is a tool used to introduce foreign genetic material into a host cell.
2. Recognize that vectors are typically DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, that can carry foreign DNA into a host cell.
3. Differentiate vectors from other genetic engineering tools, such as restriction enzymes, which cut DNA at specific sequences, and PCR, which amplifies DNA sequences.
4. Identify the role of vectors in cloning, where they are used to replicate and express foreign genes within host cells.
5. Remember that vectors are essential for gene cloning, gene therapy, and the production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).