Which metabolic process involves breaking down complex molecules into smaller parts?

• A. Photosynthesis
• B. Catabolism
• C. Chemiosmosis
• D. Anabolism

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the key terms in the problem. Catabolism refers to metabolic processes that break down complex molecules into smaller, simpler ones, releasing energy in the process. Anabolism, on the other hand, involves building complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy input.
2. Step 2: Analyze the options provided. Photosynthesis is an anabolic process because it synthesizes glucose from carbon dioxide and water using energy from sunlight. Chemiosmosis is a mechanism used in energy production, such as ATP synthesis, but it does not directly involve breaking down complex molecules.
3. Step 3: Focus on the term 'breaking down complex molecules into smaller parts.' This description matches the definition of catabolism, which includes processes like glycolysis and the breakdown of proteins into amino acids.
4. Step 4: Eliminate incorrect options based on their definitions. Photosynthesis and anabolism are anabolic processes, and chemiosmosis is not directly related to breaking down molecules.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the correct answer is catabolism, as it specifically involves the breakdown of complex molecules into smaller parts, releasing energy.