During protein synthesis, the process in which the sequence of mRNA is decoded to produce a specific polypeptide is called:

• A. Translation
• B. Translocation
• C. Transpiration
• D. Transcription

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the context of protein synthesis: Protein synthesis involves two main processes, transcription and translation, which convert genetic information into functional proteins.
2. Define transcription: Transcription is the process where the DNA sequence is copied into mRNA. This occurs in the nucleus and is the first step of protein synthesis.
3. Define translation: Translation is the process where the sequence of mRNA is decoded by ribosomes to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain, forming a protein. This occurs in the cytoplasm.
4. Clarify the incorrect options: Translocation refers to the movement of a segment of DNA or chromosomes, and transpiration is a process in plants involving water movement, unrelated to protein synthesis.
5. Identify the correct answer: Based on the definitions, the process described in the problem is translation, as it involves decoding mRNA to produce a polypeptide.