In the process of ecological succession, which type of organism typically colonizes a barren area first?

• A. Plants, such as mosses and lichens
• B. Birds
• C. Insects
• D. Large animals, such as mammals

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of ecological succession: Ecological succession is the process by which ecosystems change and develop over time, starting from a barren or disturbed area and progressing toward a stable and mature ecosystem.
2. Identify the type of succession relevant to the problem: In this case, the problem refers to primary succession, which occurs in areas where there is no soil, such as after a volcanic eruption or glacier retreat.
3. Recognize the role of pioneer species: Pioneer species are the first organisms to colonize barren areas. These organisms are typically hardy and capable of surviving in harsh conditions. They help initiate soil formation and create conditions suitable for other organisms.
4. Determine the characteristics of pioneer species: Mosses and lichens are common pioneer species because they can grow on bare rock, extract nutrients from the environment, and contribute to soil formation by breaking down rock and accumulating organic matter.
5. Conclude that plants such as mosses and lichens are the first colonizers in primary succession, as they prepare the environment for subsequent organisms like insects, birds, and larger animals.