Which type of natural selection is most likely to result in speciation?

• A. Stabilizing selection
• B. Directional selection
• C. Balancing selection
• D. Disruptive selection

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of speciation: Speciation is the process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. It often occurs when genetic differences accumulate between populations, leading to reproductive isolation.
2. Review the types of natural selection: Stabilizing selection favors intermediate traits, directional selection favors one extreme trait, and balancing selection maintains genetic diversity. Disruptive selection, however, favors individuals at both extremes of a trait, which can lead to divergence within a population.
3. Analyze how disruptive selection contributes to speciation: Disruptive selection can create two distinct groups within a population, each adapted to different environmental conditions or niches. Over time, these groups may become reproductively isolated, leading to speciation.
4. Consider examples of disruptive selection: For instance, in a population of birds, individuals with either very large or very small beaks may be favored if they specialize in different food sources. Intermediate-sized beaks may be less advantageous, leading to divergence.
5. Conclude why disruptive selection is most likely to result in speciation: Unlike stabilizing or directional selection, disruptive selection promotes divergence within a population, increasing the likelihood of reproductive isolation and the formation of new species.