What enzyme uses the energy of a proton gradient to add a phosphate to ADP during chemiosmosis?

Which of the following metabolic pathways requires a proton gradient?

Which metabolic pathway uses a proton motive force to generate ATP but does not require oxygen?

Which types of cells carry out ATP synthesis by chemiosmosis?

During photosynthesis, which molecule is responsible for converting the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane into chemical energy in the form of ATP?

What is the energy source that powers ATP synthase during chemiosmosis?

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing ATP during chemiosmosis?

What does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts involve?